The Cainta Church traces its origins to 1707, when Jesuit priest Father Gaspar Marco built its first stone structure. Initially dedicated to Saint Andrew the Apostle, the church received a new patroness in 1727 when a painting of Our Lady of Light was brought from the Kingdom of Sicily. This Marian image became the centerpiece of the church’s spiritual devotion.

By 1760, Cainta was declared an independent parish. However, its history took a dark turn during the Filipino-American War in March 1899, when the church and rectory were burned, destroying the revered painting of Our Lady of Light.

To restore the church’s religious symbol, National Artist Fernando Amorsolo was commissioned to recreate the image. His oil-on-canvas rendition has since become the Philippine version of the original Sicilian painting, cherished by devotees. Pope Francis issued a papal bull on December 6, 2017, approving the canonical coronation of the recreated Marian image. The official coronation took place on December 1, 2018, marking the painting as the first artistic Marian image in the Philippines to receive pontifical honors.

After extensive restoration, the rebuilt parish was blessed on February 25, 1968 and served as the only parish church in Cainta until 1998.

Recognizing its historical importance, particularly its role during the Filipino-American War, the National Historical Institute declared Cainta Church a historical site in 2007.