The National Shrine and Parish of Our Lady of Aranzazu stands at the center of San Mateo, Rizal. The present structure has a simple Baroque character shaped by multiple periods of reconstruction after earthquakes and wartime damage.

The parish began in 1596 when Augustinian missionaries established the early Christian community under the patronage of Saint Matthew. In 1705, Jesuit priest Juan de Echazabal introduced the devotion to Our Lady of Aranzazu, which later became the principal devotion of the town. A church was built on the present site, and the image of the Virgin became central to local religious life.

The image of Our Lady of Aranzazu in San Mateo shows the Virgin standing on a thorn bush, holding the Child Jesus and an apple, symbolizing her as the New Eve. At the base is the figure of Rodrigo de Balzategui, associated with the reported apparition in Oñati, Spain in 1469. Unlike the original seated image in Spain, the San Mateo image is upright, reflecting a local representation that has been retained over time.

The church was damaged by the earthquake of 1863 and rebuilt in 1887. It sustained further damage during the Second World War and was restored in later decades. These phases of reconstruction contributed to the present structure while maintaining its historical identity.

The shrine was declared a diocesan shrine in 2004 under the Diocese of Antipolo. On August 22, 2025, it was elevated to the status of a national shrine, recognizing its historical significance and its role in Marian devotion in the Philippines.